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Process flow of cast steel parts
2025-08-04
The process flow of cast steel parts mainly includes the following steps:
### 1. Raw Material Preparation
* **Main Materials**: The raw materials for cast steel mainly include molten steel, molten iron, and foundry sand. These raw materials need to be proportioned, screened, and pretreated according to requirements to ensure product quality.
* **Auxiliary Materials**: Including molding sand, core skeletons, chill iron, coatings, etc. These materials have an important impact on the quality and production efficiency of castings.
### 2. Molding and Core Making
* **Model Preparation**: Preparing the model that forms the casting. This is the main process in sand casting production and has a decisive influence on the dimensional accuracy of the casting.
* **Molding Sand Preparation**: Molding sand directly affects the molding and core making operations as well as the quality of the casting. Therefore, suitable molding sand must be selected and its properties controlled.
### 3. Baking and Coating
* **Baking the Sand Mold and Core**: Baking the prepared sand mold and core to prevent defects such as gas holes and sand adhesion in the casting.
* **Coating Application**: Applying coatings on the surface of the sand mold and core to further improve the surface finish of the casting and prevent defects.
### 4. Assembling the Mold (Match Plate)
* **Assembling Sand Mold and Core**: Assembling the prepared sand mold and core to prepare for pouring. This step determines the size and shape of the casting.
### 5. Melting
* **Obtaining Qualified Molten Steel**: Melting scrap steel and various alloy materials, refining, removing harmful elements, inclusions, deoxidizing, and degassing to obtain liquid alloy with qualified chemical composition, good deoxidation, and low inclusion and gas content.
### 6. Pouring
* **Pouring Molten Steel into the Mold**: Pouring the melted molten steel into the assembled sand mold and core to form the casting. This step requires controlling pouring speed, temperature, pressure, and other factors.
### 7. Post-processing
* **Mold Opening and Sand Removal**: Opening the poured mold, removing the casting, and breaking the poured mold.
* **Sand Cleaning**: Removing residual molding sand from the surface and internal cavities of the casting.
* **Gas Cutting**: Cutting off risers and unnecessary casting fins.
* **Shot Blasting**: Further removing adhering sand on the casting surface and exposing surface defects.
* **Welding Repair**: Repairing surface defects of the casting by welding.
* **Heat Treatment**: Changing the properties of the casting through heat processing regimes (heating, holding, cooling) to meet user or process requirements. Common heat treatments include annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering.
* **Finishing**: Repairing surface defects of the casting to ensure its shape and dimensions.
### 8. Preparation Before Storage
* **Shot Blasting**: Performing final shot blasting for carbon steel and low to medium alloy steel castings to improve appearance quality.
* **Rust Prevention Treatment**: Applying rust prevention treatments such as rust-preventive oil before storage.
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